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Microphone Polar-Patterns by Bruce Hathaway
Have you ever wondered about what Polar patterns mean? Also known as known as pickup patterns, polar patterns refer to the ways in which different mics receive sounds from specific directions. Learning about the pickup-pattern of your microphone can help you to employ such that will get you superior results. Most diagrams that are used to illustrate these patterns are flat; in practice they refer to 3D directions of sound all around the mic.
There are 5 major pickup-patterns you should be aware of. These are cardioid, hyper cardioid, omni, figure 8 and supercardioid. Each of these kinds of microphones are used for different things and in different situations, whether for studio or live recording or specific instrument recording.
1. Cardioid
This is the most common type of microphone and can be employed for nearly everything. The polar pattern is heart shaped and picks up most of the sound from the front. Sound is picked up to a lesser degree from the sides, while sounds from the rear are rejected. These mics are good for vocal recording, live recordings, and in situations where the acoustics of the room are not perfect.
2. Hyper Cardioid
This is also a heart shaped pattern of sensitivity. The greatest sound sensitivity is in the front, while the side sensitivity is less than in cardioid microphones. The fields of least sensitivity are about 150 to 160 degrees and 200 to 210 degrees. Also there is little bit of sound recognition to the rear. These can be used for most of the same applications as cardioid microphones but they are better when you are looking for a more directional sound that picks up a little from the back. They are good for vocals in a show as they'll be less susceptible to system feedback.
3. Omni
Omnidirectional microphones, also known as non-directional microphones, detect sound equally from any direction. Their pattern of response is generally considered to be a perfect three dimensional sphere. Because of this 360 degree sensitivity, they are not good for live use as they will create a lot of feedback. They are really good for picking up sounds in a good in an environment with superior acoustics or when there are background singers or chorus. These mics tend to give a very open, natural and warm sound and are good for picking up the ambience of a room.
4. Figure 8
This polar pattern resembles the shape of an 8 and is equally sensitive to sound coming from the front and the back. These are not so good capturing sound from the sides. The majority of ribbon microphones have a figure 8 polar pattern. They work well as drum overheads or in situations where you have two sound sources, such as two vocalists singing at the same time. They also work well for recording acoustic instruments with a bit of room sound. Since these mics are quite sensitive and also have limited ways of suing them, they are the least used.
5. Supercardioid
Supercardioid mics are somewhere between cardioid and hypercardioid as far as rear sensitivity goes. They are very similar to the hypercardioid pattern but have slightly less rear sensitivity, and are also a little less directional.
Bruce has achieved a lifetime of producing and engineering at his recording studio, Excello, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. He is also a microphone expert with extensive knowledge of vocal, instrument, wireless, USB microphones and more.
Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Microphone-Polar-Patterns/1115121
