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Sewing Machine Timing Is Everything. by David Trumble
The precision of ballroom dancing is a lot like the timing of a sewing machine. Each part must act and react in perfect time. Every step must be coordinated.
Like a large square dance, each part of the sewing machine must follow the music precisely. Gears, levers, shafts, hooks, and needles must dance together harmoniously to perform the wonders of the sewing dance. This can be seen in two key areas.
On one hand, you have the coordination of the hook and needle which perform as a couple dancing around interconnecting their threads. This is called hook-needle timing.
Next, the graceful motion of the feed dogs rises, glides back, drops, and rises forward in perfect harmony with the needle as she rises up and plunges below the needle plate. This is known as feed dog timing.
When the sewing machine is properly timed, all the parts work together in a seamless flow of coordination. The needle, the hook, and the feed dogs with their hundreds of associated parts must operate in perfect time together to produce quality sewing.
To understand the timing of the feed dogs and needle, we can simply remove the presser foot and rotate the hand wheel forward. As it turns watch what happens. The needle moves from it highest point down toward the needle plate. The feed dogs reach their farthest point toward the back of the sewing machine. The feed dogs drop under the needle plate just before the needle point reaches the needle plate. The needle continues to move down dragging the upper thread under the needle plate, and proceeds toward its lowest point.
To understand the relationship between the hook and the needle, you will need to remove the needle plate and front cover. As the needle reaches the bottom of its swing and begins its rise back up; a loop of thread forms along the back of the needle. A special cut out on the back of the needle to accommodate this loop is called the scarf. The sewing machine hook slides behind the needle. The point of the hook slides into the thread loop and pulls the thread around the bobbin.
If you watch very carefully, you can see how the upper thread is drawn around the bobbin thread and then pulled tighter and tighter as the needle continues rising. When tensions are properly set, the two thread form a locked stitch inside the fabric. This same process continues stitch after stitch. Both the feed dogs and the hook must be precisely timed to coordinate their function with the movement of the needle. No variation is acceptable.
Harmonious synchronized movement of all the parts is essential. The sewing machine will fail to produce desired result every time disharmony occurs. When a needle breaks or when your machine is forced beyond its design, quite often the timing is knocked out of harmony and the machine immediately begins messing up.
Hook-needle timing controls the linking of the upper and lower threads. If it is slightly out of adjustment, the hook will fail to pick up the thread and a stitch will not be formed. This may happen intermittently, or on just one side of a zig zag stitch. Or, if the timing is out more than a few milli-meters, no stitches form.
If the feed dog timing is out of sync, the fabric will not move through the machine as expected. Threads may bunch up or the fabric may just not move.
As you can see, timing is everything.
Dr. David Trumble shares the essentials of repairing sewing machines. He has authored several helpful sewing machine repair courses including a free beginners course entitled: 7 Steps To Peak Performance For Your Sewing Machine.
Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Sewing-Machine-Timing-Is-Everything-/475874
SEWING MACHINe?
okay, I need help threading the bottom part of the sewing machine. if you can help, explain or give me a good website please! most likely need pictures.
www.expertvillage.com and type in Threading a sewing machine 
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